Author: kiko garcia

Introduction to Genetic Markers Genetic markers are like signposts in our DNA, helping us pinpoint specific genes, track traits, or even identify individuals or species. They’re essential tools in molecular biology, forensic science, and genetic research. When it comes to genetic markers, microsatellites and SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are two of the most commonly used….

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent liver-associated viruses, characterized by high infectivity and the potential to cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its highly stable structure and robust immune evasion mechanisms present significant challenges for treatment. As a DNA virus, understanding its genomic structure is essential for developing effective therapies, vaccines,…